Equal Justice for All?

August 1, 2010

The Torah teaches (Devarim 16:19): לֹא־תַטֶּה מִשְׁפָּט לֹא תַכִּיר פָּנִים – Thou shalt not wrest judgment; thou shalt not respect persons. Rashi takes this as a prohibition incumbent upon tribunals: Not only may one not favor one side over the other, but not even give the appearance that this is so. More particularly: Even when the litigants argue their cases before the tribunal, the judge is forewarned not to treat them differently, to be easy with one litigant and hard with the other, not to make one stand while the other is allowed to press his case while seated, for the mere sight of a judge bestowing respect upon one litigant renders the other litigant mute (Based on TB Sanhedrin 30a).

While in theory this principle is well accepted and even obvious, in reality, matters are not everywhere all right. Thus, CBS News reports:

Justice may not be blind after all.

According to a Cornell University study, unattractive defendants are 22 percent more likely to be convicted than good-looking ones. And the unattractive also get slapped with harsher sentences – an average of 22 months longer in prison.

Perhaps it is time to resurrect the ancient Jewish idea, of judges covering their faces (see Rashi Devarim 1:43) so as not to see the litigants while they plead their cases, and not to be influenced by their antics.


Brutal Women of Nazi Germany

July 26, 2010

From the New York Times – Women’s Role in Holocaust May Exceed Old Notions:

JERUSALEM — Amid the horrors of the Holocaust, the atrocities perpetrated by a few brutal women have always stood out, like aberrations of nature.

The Nazi killing machine was undoubtedly a male-dominated affair. But according to new research, the participation of German women in the genocide, as perpetrators, accomplices or passive witnesses, was far greater than previously thought.

While most did not bloody their own hands, the acts of those who did seemed all the more perverse because they operated outside the concentration camp system, on their own initiative.

Only 1 or 2 percent of the perpetrators were women, according to Ms. Lower. But in many cases where genocide was taking place, German women were very close by. Several witnesses have described festive banquets near mass shooting sites in the Ukrainian forests, with German women providing refreshments for the shooting squads whose work often went on for days.

For the full article, click here.


If You Work With Garbage, You Will Get Dirty

July 21, 2010

Orthodox Jews play a careful dance in judging which cultural phenomena are seen as acceptable, possibly beneficial, and what they reject from surrounding society. While Modern Orthodox and Fervently Orthodox Jews may disagree on the level of media exposure that is accepted into their homes, most all have red lines, elements of culture which they reject. See the end of this post for an inspiring remark on the effect of this self imposed cultural isolation, by a popular American radio talk show host.

In contrast, secular society has endlessly debated whether violent or explicit video games negatively influence gamers, and generally, society will consider much objectionable material “art” and protect it (at least the critics will). Implicit is the premise that exposure to objectionable material doesn’t harm people, or if it does, barely harms, and only in a passing way.

In this light, the following New York Times article, Policing the Web’s Lurid Precincts, is particularly telling:

An Internet content reviewer, … sifts through photographs that people upload to a big social networking site and keeps the illicit material — and there is plenty of it — from being posted. His is an obscure job that is repeated thousands of times over, from office parks in suburban Florida to outsourcing hubs like the Philippines.

With the rise of Web sites built around material submitted by users, screeners have never been in greater demand. Some Internet firms have tried to get by with software that scans photos for, say, a large area of flesh tones, but nothing is a substitute for a discerning human eye.

The surge in Internet screening services has brought a growing awareness that the jobs can have mental health consequences for the reviewers, Read the rest of this entry »


Cows moo-ve over: camel milk coming to Europe

July 8, 2010

Is Chalav Stam endangered?

The Talmud prohibited the consumption of unsupervised milk of gentile provenance, lest it contain an admixture of kosher and non kosher milk. However, as the codified halakhah also stretched the definition of supervision to include potential supervision (i.e. the Jewish supervisor sits behind a fence and if he would get up, he could see whether the non-Jew was milking a non-kosher animal, e.g. a camel or a mare), therefore, some authorities ruled that milk produced in a farms that have no none kosher animals to milk, is permissible.

Consequently, some Jewish communities have customarily allowed themselves to consume the milk on the general market, since non kosher animals are not customarily milked in Europe.

Now, however, that may be set to change. Reuters UK reports that:

European grocery shelves may soon be invaded by milk from that proverbial ship of the desert, the camel.

An animal famous for bad breath and ill humour might seem an unlikely source of liquid to lubricate a bowl of breakfast cereal or froth up a latte, but promoters from the United Arab Emirates say it is healthy — and almost like mother’s own.

The European Commission recently approved plans for screening camel milk, and will send an EU panel to inspect the UAE’s two dairy farms producing camel milk — Al Ain Dairy, with “Camelait,” and the Emirates Industry for Camel Milk and Products’ “Camelicious,” found in most UAE grocery stores. (hat tip: SBA)

Will the kosher consumer still be able to argue that milk on the general market is permissible? Read the rest of this entry »


An Anglo Jewish High School in Israel

June 24, 2010

Growing up in Antwerp, where, at the time, it was an uphill fight to have a Orthodox high school, my friends and I had to continue our education either in a yeshiva without secular studies, or go abroad. Those classmates who wanted to finish their university matriculation ended up studying in Israel, the United States or England.

Living in Switzerland, I see the same phenomenon, there is areal lack of Jewish high schools out there.

Without outright endorsing it (frankly, I know very little about this place, beyond what they provide on their web site), I salute the existence of a new American Yeshiva High School in Israel, with a program for boys and a program for girls (in two different locations). The best part is that besides following the Bagrut standards of the Israeli education ministry, the school, being fully subsidized by the Israeli government, is free. That’s right, it’s free, and they even give the students some pocket money.

The program isn’t for everyone, but it’s surely worth checking out. Plus, it reminds us of another good reason to live in Israel: Jewish education is subsidized by the government, as should be in the Jewish state.

For decades American parents have been aware of the wonderful transformative power post High School programs in Israel have on their children. Now, through the YBA-Naale Yeshiva High School program in Israel, your children need not wait so long in order to take advantage of this special confluence of the Torah of Israel, the People of Israel in the Land of Israel.

While it’s true that the program fees amount to only a fraction of a typical American Yeshiva High School (thanks to Israeli government funding through Naale), that in itself should not be the main motivating factor in choosing this program for your son or daughter. Our program offers a first-rate Jewish and general education with the added spiritual and experiential dimension that only a program in Israel can provide.

If you know more about this program, please post a comment.


The New Face of Jewish Studitainment

June 15, 2010

From the Meriam-Webbster Dictionary:

in·fo·tain·ment; Pronunciation: \ˌin-(ˌ)fō-ˈtān-mənt\; Function: noun
Etymology: information + entertainment; Date: 1980: a television program that presents information (as news) in a manner intended to be entertaining.

From Zion, however,”shall go forth the law, and the word of haShem from Jerusalem,” so whereas television brought us infotainment, the Jewish people surely prioritizes studitainment, of the etymology study”entertainment.

Bridging the gap between learning and leisure, particularly for children (but also for adults) who have not yet developed all requisite autodidactic skills, comes Animated Talmud.

Five years in the making, animatedtalmud.com  is a virtual learning experience, designed to capture the attention of today’s children, who are constantly inundated with color and excitement, by using a media they are already attracted to. Animated Talmud required the skills of a team of artists, animators, full scripts and a narrator, resulting in a beautiful website …  Funded exclusively by donations, Animated Talmud is completely free because, in Goldstein’s words, “it was a labor of love, not something to be making money on.”

Read the rest of this entry »


Should Humanity Call It Quits?

June 10, 2010

Peter Singer, the controversial chair of bioethics at Princeton University, wrote an online feature for the New York Times, where he ponders, considering the multitude of suffering in life, whether it is not more moral to abstain altogether from procreation, knowing full well that that means that within one life span, there would be no more humans on earth. As he emphasizes, this is not a serious proposal, but a thought experiment in order to investigate the morality of bringing children into the world, the parents knowing full well that the child will suffer. On a different level, it is an investigation into the question whether life is worth living.

At first sight, this echoes a long lasting discussion between the Houses of Hillel and Shammai:

Our Rabbis taught: For two and a half years were Beth Shammai and Beth Hillel in dispute, the former asserting that it were more pleasant for man not to have been created than to have been created, and the latter maintaining that it is better for man to have been created than not to have been created.
They finally took a vote and decided that it were better for man not to have been created than to have been created, but now that he has been created, let him investigate his past deeds or, as others say, let him examine his future actions.
(Babylonian Talmud, Eiruvin 13b)

ת”ר שתי שנים ומחצה נחלקו ב”ש וב”ה הללו אומרים נוח לו לאדם שלא נברא יותר משנברא והללו אומרים נוח לו לאדם שנברא יותר משלא נברא נמנו וגמרו נוח לו לאדם שלא נברא יותר משנברא עכשיו שנברא יפשפש במעשיו ואמרי לה ימשמש במעשיו (עירובין יג:)

Does Peter Singer have a point, or is he fundamentally misunderstanding what life is all about?

After quoting some excerpts of his article, I present an analysis of the Jewish sources on the matter, in the hope that, when asked “what is the meaning of life,” we will give a better answer than “42.”
Read the rest of this entry »


From the NYT: Helping Patients Face Death, She Fought to Live

April 13, 2010

Healthy people who think of death and dying often express a wish that if and when they will have to face their own looming death, that they would not want to be put through excessive, even hopeless medical intervention in order to “irrationally cling to life” while in intensive care. No, they say, when death comes, they would rather have it be a clean affair, to get over with quickly and painlessly. If and when they will be terminally ill, the would not want to go through “excessive” chemotherapy, nor remain endlessly on life support; they would want to die with dignity, rather than irrationally cling to life.

These reflections often result from suddenly coming face to face with human frailty and looming death, either because they visit a possible terminally ill patient, or because they have very recently discovered that they are affected by a grave illness.

Upon seeing a much weakened patient out of whose body several tubes and wire emerge, connected to advanced medical machinery, their fear of dying becomes so great, that they would rather be spared the effort to remain alive.

Many doctors would encourage such a person in “bravely” facing death. In fact, such is the role of palliative care doctors, to encourage patients facing their own looming death to let go.

And yet, when push came to shove, a palliative care doctor chose to pursue every hope for life (from the New York Times):

She preached the gentle gospel of her profession, persuading patients to confront their illnesses and get their affairs in order and, above all, ensuring that their last weeks were not spent in unbearable pain. She was convinced that her own experience as a cancer survivor — the disease was first diagnosed when she was 31 — made her perfect for the job.

In 2008, while on vacation in Boston, she went to an emergency room with a fever. The next day, as the doctors began to understand the extent of her underlying cancer, “they asked me if I wanted palliative care to come and see me.”

She angrily refused. She had been telling other people to let go. But faced with that thought herself, at the age of 40, she wanted to fight on. Read the rest of this entry »


Significant Recent Manuscript Finds

April 7, 2010

We are known as the People of the Book, and it would be no exaggeration to call us the People of the Books, in the plural, for our stewardship of the Torah has only been possible because we also preserved the teachings of the Sages, who taught and elucidated the Torah. And so, the manuscripts linking us to the transmitters of Tradition in the distant past are of great value. Sometimes, they help us correct texts that had been corrupted by a copyist’s error, while at other times, the manuscripts confirm our holy heritage. Two recent articles report on modest, yet spectacular manuscript finds, which are now being made available to the public, whether through museum display or through publication: Read the rest of this entry »


Burgeoning Jewish Life in Central Europe

March 18, 2010

On sevearal occasions, the educational committee of our community, the IGB, has organized long weekends for adolescents who have recently reached the age of bar or bat mitzvah. On several occasions, I had the pleasure and privilege to lead such a trip to a European destination, and the question was always where to go. The purpose of the trip is to boost the youngsters’ interest in continuing to build their Jewish education. For that, one needs both to learn the past and see the future. One particular challenge going with such a group is the language barrier – Basel youth speaks German as their first language. Not all 13 and 14 year olds, even in a quadrilingual country like Switzerland, have extensive foreign language skills, and even if they do speak more than one language fluently, they don’t all speak the same second language. So for us, it has always been a good bet to give priority to German speaking areas, which, indeed, are areas of a very rich Jewish past, however, many of those places are about a Judaism that has been, that is in the past tense. It would surely fill the youngsters with sadness that so much was destroyed so recently, but that does not motivate too many to be more Jewishly engaged. They live in the here and now, and the past, however rich, is not enticing, unless it continues in the present.

And so, we took a particular liking to Berlin, because, despite the reality that the present local kehilla is but a weak shadow of its former self, it is the largest German speaking Jewish community, with well over 10’000 registered Jews, and is estimated to have perhaps as many as three times that number of Jews. But more importantly, it is not a disappearing community, or one where only the forces of assimilation hold sway. On account of the great work of the Lauder Foundation, the city boasts a growing men’s yeshiva and women’s midrasha, which, more than anything else, show the vitality of Jewishh life and contribute to it. This is the topic of a recent Washington Post article, which I urge you to read. An excerpt:

Orthodox Jewish community takes hold in Berlin

Now when the sun sets on a Friday night, dozens of Jewish men clad in traditional Shabbat garb with big black hats and dark long coats walk down the streets past hip coffee shops, chic boutiques and tiny art galleries to attend services at Rykestrasse synagogue.

There about 200 believers now and it’s growing fast: There are several weddings a year and the nursery school has become so overcrowded that parents have to register their children soon after birth if they want to get one of the coveted spots.

“In many other Jewish places in Germany, there’s a sadness, it’s all about the past,” said Rabbi David Rose, the director of the congregation’s yeshiva where young men study Judaism’s traditional texts. “Here we have a lot of students, it’s all very alive.”