Now Shalt Thou See

January 21, 2009

flag-uk_usa-tinyAfter three weeks of heavy fighting, during which the Israeli Defense Forces inflicted heavy losses upon the Hamas terrorrist infrastructure, Israel and in turn, Hamas, declared unilateral ceasefires. On the one hand, the Israeli offensive has been phenomenally impressive, showing how much the IDF and the political leadership have learned from the Second Lebanon War, which was widely considered a failure, even as it did teach Hizbollah not to mess any more with Israel.

However, even today, a few days into the ceasefire, the media report that smuggling tunnels are again in operation. Even now, there is a feeling that the “Cast Lead” military campaign ended inconclusively; Hamas, while very much weakened, is still committed to terrorism (see the concluding paragraph).

So, Israel has come out better than after the Second Lebanon War, but things are still murky.

In retrospect, some words I wrote in the aftermath of the earlier war – in a sermon entitled “Now You Shall See” – seem somewhat prescient, and hence reassuring regarding the future. After rereading those words, I think that it is appropriate to affirm that, despite the lingering lack of clarity, there will be even more light at the end of this tunnel. Read the rest of this entry »


Inevitable Leadership

January 16, 2009

EnglishStudents of modern history are often impressed with the seeming inevitability of Germany’s role leading to World War II, on account of the harsh conditions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles of 1919. Indeed, the noted British economist John Maynard Keynes, whose ideas are in fact being celebrated by governments eager to spend their way out of the current recession, called it a “Carthaginian Peace.” According to Keynes, the terms of the Treaty were too harsh and would not promote long term peace. Dan Rowling later (1951) considered the Treat an outright cause for World War II.

What role, if any, does the inevitability of history play in the events unfolding in the Torah? Are only historical events sometimes inevitable, or also spiritual-historical events? Read the rest of this entry »


Truly Taking Responsibility

January 3, 2009

EnglishThe first encounter of Parshat Vayigash, between Yehuda, as he takes responsibility for Benyamin, and Yossef in his role of Viceroy of Egypt, is also the story of great moral leadership. Yossef and Yehuda, each in their own ways, display and examplify the great, dearly needed moral qualities of honesty, integrity, repentance, forgiveness and accepting the consequences of one’s actions. In short, they recognize and accept their responsibilities. Read the rest of this entry »


Die einfache Leseweise der Torá / The Simple Reading of Torah

December 26, 2008

How does one glean the straightforward meaning of Scripture?

BEMERKUNG: Ich plane diesen Aufsatz ins Deutsche zu übersetzen, werde es aber wahrscheinlich erst während der zweite Hälfte von Januar tun.

flag-uk_usa-tinyOnce upon a time, when I was still in secondary school, our primary language teacher challenged us, using two predetermined phrases and a set of conjunctions to produce sentences that explore the logical relationship between the two phrases. The two phrases we were assigned sounded like:
a) he basked for hours in the sun
b) he got tanned.
The class effortlessly combined the two phrases with the conjunction “and,” producing the sensible sentence “He basked hours in the sun AND he got tanned.” However, by the time we had to repeat the same exercise with the conjunction “but,” the whole class butted heads and had no clue how to proceed. “Can’t we add “did not´´ to the second phrase?” we all asked. Read the rest of this entry »


The Folly of Greed

December 25, 2008

EnglishSome two weeks have passed since Bernard Madoff has admitted to his sons, and later to the police, that he had perpetrated the greatest financial swindle of the history of mankind, and we yet have to come to terms with it (hint: it’ll take years). Meanwhile, a life was lost, as one institutional investor, Rene-Thierry Magon de la Villehuchet, committed suicide after having lost some USD 1.5 billion for his clients through Bernard Madoff. For the benefit of those who, surely steeped in their Torah study, failed to notice the uproar in the streets, I will briefly outline what I gleaned from court papers and the financial press on this matter. (If you do know the details, you can skip ahead.) Read the rest of this entry »


Miracles Alone Do Not Cause Belief

December 6, 2008

English This essay, which was originally delivered in German as a sermons to Parshat Mishpatim, on the 29th of Shevat 5767 (17th of February ’07), explores why biblical miracles were experienced only during, well, biblical times.

Dor haMidbar: The Singular Generation – by Rabbi Arie Folger

After learning of the great miracles, which the Ribono shel ‘Olam (Master of the World) performed to save our ancestors from their enslavement, and to punish our tormentors, both in Egypt and at the Yam Suf, after His wondrous Revelation on Mount Sinai, where the people “saw” the sounds, one is inclined to expect the wondrous and miraculous to continue throughout history. Indeed The very significance of some of HaShem’s Names and titles conjure His omnipresence, thus: E-lohim, Sha-dai, Adon Kol, Melekh ha’Olam and Ribono shel ‘Olam.

Yet, while miracles aren’t entirely absent from our lives, those miracles are quite different from the miracles Moshe Rabbenu performed at G”d’s command. Read the rest of this entry »


Can Prayer Fail Us?

December 5, 2008

English A week has passed since the horrors of the murders of Mumbai unfolded, and this tragedy has, as tragedies often do, aroused introspection. We ask many questions on many levels. There are political questions, why in Mumbai? and why were Anglo-Saxons and Jews particularly targeted?; there are organizational questions regarding the readiness and effectiveness of the Indian security forces; questions of how do react to the atrocities on the individual, organizational (how should Jewish organizations adapt their security model, should we trun our communal homes into secure, but uninvitng fortresses?) and political levels; and there are questions of faith, too. Read the rest of this entry »


Not all that Glitters is Gold

November 12, 2008

English The following English sermon was originally delivered in German on the first day of Sukkot 5768 (27th of September ’07) in Basel. It develops the Jewish notion of beauty and touches upon the meaning of the Sin of the Tree of Knowledge.

Not all that Glitters is Gold

The Torah commands us to take on Sukkot פְּרִ֨י עֵ֤ץ הָדָר – peri ‘etz hadar.1פְּרִ֨י עֵ֤ץ הָדָר mean and what can its name tell us about the impact and purpose of this mitzvah. I care to add that we can never fully explain a mitzvah. It is, by its nature, a Divine command, and can only be approached by man, not fully understood. Nonetheless, our questions are legitimate. What is פְּרִ֨י עֵ֤ץ הָדָר and what does it stand for? Read the rest of this entry »


The Sin of Drunkenness / Die Sünde der Betrunkenheit

October 31, 2008
EnglishThe Sins of Adam and Noach Compared DeutschDie Sünde Adams und Noachs im Vergleich
Adam and Chava ate from the Tree of Knowledge and became aware of their nakedness. Noach planted a vineyard, brew wine, got drunk and became uncovered in his tent. At first sight, these are two very different incidents, which occured more than 1500 years apart. Furthermore, Adam and Chava ate, while Noach drank; Adam and Chava became aware of their nakedness, while Noach was unawareof his nakedness, as he had become uncovered while in a drunken stupor.These differences could prove that the two sins were thematically quite unlike one another, except for lesser known midrashim that broaden our knowledge about the Sin with the Tree of Knowledge (pun intended). Adám und Chawá assen vom Baum der Erkenntnis und wurden davon bewusst, dass sie nackt waren. Nóach pflanzte einen Weinberg, baute Wein an, trank, wurde betrunken und in seinem Zelt entblösst. Auf dem ersten Blick geht es hier um zwei ganz unterschiedliche Ereignisse, die mehr als 1500 Jahr voneinander trennen. Ausserdem sind sie thematisch unterschiedlich: Adám und Chawá assen, während Nóach trank; Adám und Chawá wurden bewusst, dass sie nackt waren, während Nóach unbewussterweise, in seiner Betrunkenheit sich entblösste. Diese Unterschiede könnten beweisen, dass diese zwei Sünden keinen thematischen Zusammenhang haben, sei es denn, dass einige wenig bekannten Midraschím uns zu die Erkenntnis der Sünde des Baums der Erkenntnis und des Weinberges Nóachs bringen.

Read the rest of this entry »


Choshen Mishpat, Gift of the Jews

October 13, 2008

EnglishThis essay explores the moral importance of the conflict between Halakhah and temporal civil law. It was presented as a sermon to the Book Shemot, on the 28th of Tevet 5766 (28th of January ’06).

True Freedom of Conscience -by Rabbi Arie Folger

Halakhah is frequently at odds – in monetary matters – with applied Western law, such as, for example regarding the permissibility of charging interest on loans, the permissibility of charging certain fines, the validity of speculative contracts, the definition of unfair competition and more. However, the respective national constitutions are clear, the judicial power belongs to the civil courts and they need to take the instructions of the legislative branch into account. Many of us feel uneasy about the disagreement Halakhah has with the national secular legislative reality, and as a result, the Halakhah is either forgotten, or willfully ignored.

The tension between Halakhah and Western law evokes in us memories of accusations of double standards and disloyalty to our respective countries of citizenship or residence. Hence, many choose ignorance over knowledge, breech over observance. The major question is then: have we served the greater good of general society by adopting the single yardstick of law and ethics which our host society provides us with? Read the rest of this entry »